देहरादून – 23 मई 2025: पुणे ने बीते दस सालों में अपनी कार्बन सीक्वेस्ट्रेशन क्षमता में 34 प्रतिशत की गिरावट दर्ज की है, जो मुख्य रूप से तेज़ी से शहरी विकास की वजह से हुआ है। हाल ही में एमआईटी-वर्ल्ड पीस यूनिवर्सिटी के डॉ. पंकज कोपार्डे तथा सस्टेना ग्रीन्स एलएलपी की प्रतीक्षा चालके द्वारा साथ मिलकर की गई एक स्टडी के नतीजे में शहर की कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड (CO₂) नामक एक प्रमुख ग्रीनहाउस गैस को सोखने की क्षमता में इतनी बड़ी गिरावट की बात सामने आई है। “लूजिंग द कार्बन गेम? चेंजिंग फेस ऑफ ए ट्रॉपिकल स्मार्ट मेट्रो सिटी एंड इट्स रेपरकशंस ऑन कार्बन सीक्वेस्ट्रेशन, हीट एंड फ्लड मिटिगेशन कैपेसिटी” नाम से यह रिसर्च सस्टेनेबल फ्यूचर्स जर्नल में प्रकाशित की गई थी।
साल 2013 से 2022 के बीच, पुणे में नई इमारतों के निर्माण वाले क्षेत्रों में 12 प्रतिशत की बढ़ोतरी हुई, जिससे हरे-भरे इलाके में काफी कमी आई। इस तरह के शहरी विकास की वजह से न केवल शहर की कार्बन को सोखने की क्षमता में जबरदस्त कमी आई है, बल्कि इसकी बाढ़ से बचाव की क्षमता भी पहले की तुलना में 13% तक घट गई है। ऐसा मुख्य रूप से पानी की निकासी की कुदरती व्यवस्था में रुकावट के साथ-साथ नदियों के किनारे तथा बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनियंत्रित तरीके से इमारतों के निर्माण की वजह से हुआ है। इसके साथ-साथ शहर के लैंडस्केप में लगातार हो रहे बदलावों से यहां बाढ़ के खतरे की संभावना बढ़ गई है, जो पुणे के तेजी से बदलते मानसूनी पैटर्न को देखते हुए एक बड़ी चिंता का विषय बन गया है।
यह स्टडी पुणे के कुदरती इलाकों, यानी यहां की पहाड़ियों, नदियों और वेटलैंड्स को बचाए रखने की अहमियत उजागर करती है, जो पारंपरिक रूप से कार्बन एमिशन, गर्मी और बाढ़ को कम करने वाले कुदरती सुरक्षा कवच की तरह काम करते रहे हैं।
डॉ. पंकज कोपार्डे ने ज़ोर देते हुए कहा कि: “हमारी स्टडी के नतीजे बताते हैं कि, पर्यावरण को बेहतर बनाए रखने में शहरी पहाड़ियों और वेटलैंड्स जैसी जियोलॉजिकल एवं इकोलॉजिकल फीचर्स की भूमिका बेहद अहम है, जिनकी जगह कोई नहीं ले सकता। पुणे जैसे ट्रॉपिकल मेट्रो सिटी का लगातार विस्तार हो रहा है, और ऐसे माहौल में इन स्थानीय संपदाओं को नुकसान पहुँचाने के बजाय उनका सही तरीके से उपयोग करके ही सस्टेनेबल डेवलपमेंट हासिल किया जा सकता है।”
उन्होंने आगे कहा: “हम शहरी पहाड़ियों, वेटलैंड्स और नदी किनारे के हरे-भरे इलाकों की हिफाजत करने और उन्हें फिर से पहले जैसा बनाने के साथ-साथ पॉलिसी बनाकर इस दिशा में तुरंत कार्रवाई करने की हिमायत करते हैं। आने वाले समय में इकोलॉजी को ध्यान में रखकर और डेटा पर आधारित संतुलित विकास के लिए, इकोसिस्टम सर्विस वैल्यूएशन मॉडल तथा इंटीग्रेटेड अर्बन प्लानिंग फ्रेमवर्क जैसे टूल्स को अपनाया जाना चाहिए।”
एमआईटी-वर्ल्ड पीस यूनिवर्सिटी के वाइस-चांसलर, डॉ. आर. एम. चिटनिस ने इस रिसर्च के बारे में अपनी राय जाहिर करते हुए कहा, “ये स्टडी बेहद महत्वपूर्ण है, जो MIT-वर्ल्ड पीस यूनिवर्सिटी की ऐसी चीजों पर रिसर्च करने के अटल इरादे को दर्शाती है, जो सीधे तौर पर समाज को नई जानकारी देने वाली और उन पर असर डालने वाली हो। पुणे शहर की कार्बन को सोखने की क्षमता में कमी के बारे में हमारी स्टडी के नतीजे सिर्फ चिंताजनक नहीं हैं— बल्कि वे भारत में तेजी से विकसित हो रहे सभी शहरों के लिए एक चेतावनी हैं। शिक्षक और थॉट लीडर्स होने के नाते, हम मानते हैं कि पॉलिसी बनाने में विज्ञान का सहारा लिया जाना चाहिए, और हर तरह के विकास में सस्टेनेबिलिटी को सबसे ज्यादा अहमियत दी जानी चाहिए। इसलिए अर्बन प्लानिंग में प्रगति के साथ-साथ इकोलॉजी की हिफाजत को भी प्राथमिकता देना बहुत जरूरी है।”
यह रिसर्च ऐसे नाज़ुक समय पर आया है, जब पूरे भारत और ग्लोबल साउथ के शहर क्लाइमेट चेंज के साथ-साथ शहरों के विस्तार की वजह से बढ़ती चुनौतियों का सामना कर रहे हैं। तापमान में बढ़ोतरी, अनियमित बारिश और बार-बार बेहद खराब मौसम की घटनाओं को देखते हुए, पुणे का ये अनुभव तेजी से विकसित हो रहे उन सभी शहरों के लिए एक मूल्यवान अध्ययन है, जो विकास और एनवायरमेंटल सस्टेनेबिलिटी के बीच तालमेल बनाने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं।
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